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1.
Arch. endocrinol. metab. (Online) ; 66(3): 312-323, June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1393858

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin treatment in early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the impact of different macronutrient compositions on hormones and substrates during meal tolerance tests (MTT). Materials and methods: Half of the drug-naive patients with T2DM were randomly assigned for treatment with 100 mg of sitagliptin, q.d., or placebo for 4 weeks and then submitted to 3 consecutive MTT intercalated every 48 h. The MTTs differed in terms of macronutrient composition, with 70% of total energy from carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids. After 4 weeks of washout, a crossover treatment design was repeated. Both patients and researchers were blinded, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was employed for statistical analysis. Results: Sitagliptin treatment reduced but did not normalize fasting and post-meal glucose values in the three MTTs, with lowered area-under-glucose-curve values varying from 7% to 15%. The sitagliptin treatment also improved the insulinogenic index (+86%) and the insulin/glucose (+25%), glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose (+46%) incremental area under the curves. Patients with early T2DM maintained the lowest glucose excursion after a protein- or lipid-rich meal without any major change in insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, or NEFA levels. Conclusion: We conclude that sitagliptin treatment is tolerable and contributes to better control of glucose homeostasis in early T2DM, irrespective of macronutrient composition. The blood glucose excursion during meal ingestion is minimal in protein- or fat-rich meals, which can be a positive ally for the management of T2DM. Clinical trial no: NCT00881543

2.
Clinics ; 67(7): 711-717, July 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-645441

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of glimepiride and metformin on vascular reactivity, hemostatic factors and glucose and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 16 uncontrolled patients with diabetes previously treated with dietary intervention. The participants were randomized into metformin or glimepiride therapy groups. After four months, the patients were crossed over with no washout period to the alternative treatment for an additional four-month period on similar dosage schedules. The following variables were assessed before and after four months of each treatment: 1) fasting glycemia, insulin, catecholamines, lipid profiles and HbA1 levels; 2) t-PA and PAI-1 (antigen and activity), platelet aggregation and fibrinogen and plasminogen levels; and 3) the flow indices of the carotid and brachial arteries. In addition, at the end of each period, a 12-hour metabolic profile was obtained after fasting and every 2 hours thereafter. RESULTS: Both therapies resulted in similar decreases in fasting glucose, triglyceride and norepinephrine levels, and they increased the fibrinolytic factor plasminogen but decreased t-PA activity. Metformin caused lower insulin and pro-insulin levels and higher glucagon levels and increased systolic carotid diameter and blood flow. Neither metformin nor glimepiride affected endothelial-dependent or endothelial-independent vasodilation of the brachial artery. CONCLUSIONS: Glimepiride and metformin were effective in improving glucose and lipid profiles and norepinephrine levels. Metformin afforded more protection against macrovascular diabetes complications, increased systolic carotid artery diameter and total and systolic blood flow, and decreased insulin levels. As both therapies increased plasminogen levels but reduced t-PA activity, a coagulation process was likely still ongoing.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carotid Arteries/drug effects , /drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Metformin/pharmacology , Sulfonylurea Compounds/pharmacology , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Carotid Arteries/pathology , /blood , Fasting/blood , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Lipids/blood , Organ Size/drug effects , Prospective Studies
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(2): 145-150, Mar. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513768

ABSTRACT

The authors analyze insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and endothelial dysfunction as consequence of a common antecedent, a low grade inflammation, indicating that in obesity there is a chronically activated inflammatory state of the adipose tissue. Furthermore, the inflammatory signaling is discussed according to the adipose tissue depot, visceral or subcutaneous.


Os autores analisam a resistência à insulina, a síndrome metabólica e a disfunção endotelial como consequência de um antecedente comum, a inflamação de baixo nível, o que mostra que a obesidade é um estado inflamatório cronicamente ativado do tecido adiposo. Discute-se, aqui, a sinalização inflamatória de acordo com a localização do tecido adiposo subcutâneo ou visceral.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Adipose Tissue/physiology , Atherosclerosis/physiopathology , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Obesity/physiopathology , Panniculitis/physiopathology , Adipokines/metabolism , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Inflammation Mediators/metabolism , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/metabolism , Panniculitis/metabolism , Subcutaneous Fat/metabolism
4.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 53(1): 95-101, fev. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-509871

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Os portadores de diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) possuem aumentado risco de doença cardiovascular e, ainda assim, podem apresentar perfil lipídico normal. Para esclarecer se os níveis normais de HDL podem ocultar defeitos na função, foram estudados a transferência de lípides para a HDL em DM1. MÉTODOS: Vinte e uma mulheres jovens portadoras de DM1 foram comparadas com 21 mulheres não-diabéticas. Nanoemulsões foram usadas como doadoras de lípides para HDL: uma marcada com ³H-triglicérides e 14C-colesterol livre e outra com ³H-éster de colesterol e 14C-fosfolípides. Após 1 hora de incubação com amostras de plasma, seguida por precipitação química, o sobrenadante, contendo HDL, teve a radioatividade contada. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma diferença foi encontrada nas transferências dos ésteres de colesterol, triglicérides, colesterol livre e fosfolípides para as HDL. CONCLUSÃO: A transferência de lípides para a HDL não está afetada em portadoras de DM1. Isso sugere que a doença não altera a composição de lipoproteínas e a ação de proteínas de transferência.


INTRODUCTION: People with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and may still have a normal lipid profile. In order to clarify whether normal HDL cholesterol levels may conceal defects in HDL function, we have studied the transfer of lipids to HDL in T1DM. METHODS: Twenty-one young women with T1DM were compared with 21 non-diabetic women. Nanoemulsion preparations were used as lipid donor to HDL: one labeled with ³H-triglycerides and 14C-free cholesterol and the other with ³H-cholesteryl esters and 14C-phospholipids. These preparations were incubated with plasma samples for 1h. After chemical precipitation, the supernatant containing HDL was counted for radioactivity. RESULTS: No difference in transfer was observed to nanoemulsion HDL from cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, free cholesterol and phospholipids. CONCLUSION: Simultaneous lipid transfer to HDL was not affected in T1DM patients. This suggests that the disease does not alter lipoprotein composition and transfer protein action in such way as to disturb HDL metabolism.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism , Lipids/administration & dosage , Lipoproteins, HDL/ultrastructure , Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Biological Transport/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Cholesterol Esters/administration & dosage , Cholesterol Esters/blood , Cholesterol Esters/pharmacokinetics , Lipids/blood , Lipids/pharmacokinetics , Lipoproteins, HDL/chemistry , Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism , Phospholipids/administration & dosage , Phospholipids/blood , Phospholipids/pharmacokinetics , Statistics, Nonparametric , Triglycerides/administration & dosage , Triglycerides/blood , Triglycerides/pharmacokinetics , Young Adult
6.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(3): 465-472, abr. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-482575

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a prevalência do diabetes melito (DM) e da hiperglicemia de estresse (HE) em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) admitidos em unidade de emergência cardiológica. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 2.262 pacientes com IAM, avaliando, além da prevalência de diabetes referido, o diagnosticado e a hiperglicemia de estresse. RESULTADOS: Apesar de referido em 12,1 por cento dos pacientes (H: 10,7 por cento, M: 15,8 por cento), o DM ocorria efetivamente em 24,8 por cento (H: 22,9 por cento, M: 29,7 por cento) e a HE em 13,6 por cento (H: 14,3 por cento, M: 11,7 por cento) dos indivíduos dessa população. Portanto, alterações glicêmicas ocorreram em 37,4 por cento dos indivíduos com IAM (H: 37,2 por cento, M: 41,4 por cento). Nos pacientes com DM, observou-se maior precocidade etária do IAM, maior prevalência de óbitos (DM: 20,7 por cento, ND:13,8 por cento, HE: 13,4 por cento) e de procedimentos cirúrgicos (ND: 33,8 por cento, HE: 18,0 por cento, DM: 21,7 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: A elevada prevalência de DM e hiperglicemia de estresse observada em nosso estudo indica que as alterações glicêmicas constituem um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o IAM.


OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in our population the real prevalence of diabetes (DM) and stress hyperglycemia (HE) in patients with myocardial infarction (IAM) admitted in a cardiologic emergency unit. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 2262 patients with AMI evaluating the prevalence of DM (referred and diagnosed) and stress hyperglycemia. RESULTS: Besides 12,1 percent of subjects were previously referred to be diabetic (men: 10.7 percent and women: 15.8 percent), diabetes was effectively diagnosed in 24,8 percent (M: 22,9 percent, W: 29,7 percent) and stress hyperglycemia in 13,6 percent HE of the patients (M: 14,3 percent, W: 11,7 percent) indicating that glycemic alterations were effectively observed in 37.2. percent of the patients with IAM (M: 37,2 percent, W: 41,4 percent). In DM subjects IAM events occurred earlier, total intra-hospital mortality was higher (DM: 20.7 percent, ND: 13,8 percent, HE: 13,4 percent) and less surgical procedures were performed (ND 33.8 percent, DM: 21.7 percent, HE: 18.0 percent). CONCLUSION: The elevated DM and stress hyperglycemia prevalence observed in our study indicates that glycemic alterations is one of the most important risk factors for IAM.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Complications/epidemiology , Hyperglycemia/epidemiology , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Diabetes Complications/metabolism , Glucose Intolerance/epidemiology , Glucose Intolerance/metabolism , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hyperglycemia/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Prevalence , Prediabetic State/epidemiology , Prediabetic State/metabolism , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors
7.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 52(2): 387-397, mar. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-481017

ABSTRACT

O risco de doença arterial coronariana (DAC) nos pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1) é conhecido desde o final dos anos 1970, sendo atualmente a principal causa de mortalidade na população adulta com diabetes tipo 1 de longa duração. A patogênese do processo aterosclerótico nesta doença ainda é obscura, acreditando-se que a hiperglicemia desenvolva aí um papel importante, entretanto vários estudos epidemiológicos mostraram que a associação entre doença coronariana e glicemia, em pacientes com DM1 seja fraca. Dados recentes do estudo DCCT/EDIC mostram que o grupo que recebeu tratamento insulínico intensificado durante o DCCT desenvolveu graus menores de aterosclerose, relacionado aos valores reduzidos de HbA1c durante a fase ativa do estudo, com melhor proteção nos pacientes mais jovens e com menor duração da doença. Há também evidências de que os benefícios são maiores nos pacientes sem nefropatia quando comparados aos com doença renal. Outros fatores de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de DAC em pacientes com DM1 são os mesmos descritos para DM2, incluindo os componentes da síndrome metabólica e marcadores de resistência insulínica. Sugere-se que pacientes com DM1 devam ter o melhor controle glicêmico possível, desde o início da sua doença acrescido de vigilância e tratamento rígido dos fatores de riscos clássicos para DAC, principalmente naqueles com história familiar de DM2.


The association between type 1 diabetes and coronary heart disease has become very clear since the late 1970. It has been demonstrated that there is an important increased risk in morbidity and mortality caused by coronary artery disease in young adults with type 1 diabetes compared with the non diabetic population. The underlying pathogeneses is still poorly understood. While the role of glycemic control in the development of microvascular disease complication is well established its role in CVD in patients with DM1 remains unclear with epidemiologic studies reporting conflicting data. Recent findings from the DCCT/EDIC showed that prior intensive diabetes treatment during the DCCT was associated with less atherosclerosis, largely because of reduced level of HbA1c during the DCCT. The improvement of glycemic control itself appeared to be particularly effective in younger patients with shorter duration of the disease. Other analyses suggested the glycemia may have a stronger effect on CAD in patients without than in those with albuminúria. Other major determinants of coronary artery disease are the components of metabolic syndrome and the surrogate measure of insulin resistence: eGDR. It is proposed that patients with DM1 should have aggressive medical therapy, risk factor modification and careful monitoring not only of his blood sugar but also of the other processes involved in the atherosclerotic process, mostly the ones with family history of type 2 diabetes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology , Blood Glucose/analysis , Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology , Coronary Artery Disease/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Hyperglycemia/complications , Hyperglycemia/etiology , Hyperglycemia/metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin Resistance , Insulin/therapeutic use , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Prevalence , Young Adult
8.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 17(2): 89-101, abr.-jun. 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465732

ABSTRACT

The postprandial state is a factor for the development of atherosclerosis. The association of postprandial hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia with atherosclerosis (indicated by an early intima-media thickness of the carotid) supports the concept that macrovascular complications are a highly suggestive of the association of postprandial hyperglycemia and atherosclerosis. The postprandial glycemia can be considered a marker of cardiovascular risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis
9.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 51(2): 212-221, mar. 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-449575

ABSTRACT

This article reviews the role of fasting and postprandial glycemia to the overall glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes and glucose intolerance, as well as their causal relationship upon micro and macrovascular complications. Recent studies have suggested that a third component of the glucose triad, the postprandial glucose excursions, might have a role in the overall glycemic load and might also reflect glycemic control. Epidemiological and intervention studies are presented in the article, supporting the conclusion that postprandial hyperglycemia in impaired glucose tolerance and diabetic subjects is a more powerful marker of cardiovascular disease risk than fasting hyperglycemia, then the treatment directed at specifically lowering postprandial glucose is crucial, as underlined by the American Diabetes Association.


O presente artigo revisa o papel da glicemia de jejum e pós-prandial em relação ao controle glicêmico de pacientes com diabetes do tipo 2 e com intolerância à glicose, assim como sua relação causal sobre as complicações micro e macrovasculares. Estudos recentes têm sugerido que um terceiro componente na tríade glicêmica, as excursões glicêmicas pós-prandiais, podem ter influência sobre a carga glicêmica total, e podem também refletir sobre o controle glicêmico. Estudos epidemiológicos e de intervenção são apresentados neste artigo, suportando a conclusão de que a hiperglicemia pós-prandial na intolerância à glicose e em pacientes com diabetes é um marcador mais potente de risco cardiovascular do que a hiperglicemia de jejum, portanto o tratamento dirigido especificamente para reduzir a glicemia pós-prandial é crucial, conforme sugerido pela American Diabetes Association.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Glucose , Coronary Disease/blood , /blood , Diabetic Angiopathies/blood , Glucose Intolerance/blood , Postprandial Period , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Coronary Disease/etiology , Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology , Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology , Fasting , Hyperglycemia/blood , Hyperglycemia/complications , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Risk Factors , Triglycerides/blood
10.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 47(1): 55-61, fev. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-336076

ABSTRACT

A resposta da 17-hidroxiprogesterona (170HP) ao estímulo agudo com um análogo do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRHa) e sua relação com a sensibilidade à insulina (SI) foi avaliada em 8 mulheres voluntárias normais e obesas (grupo N), com idades entre 24 e 40 anos (mediana de 29) e índice de massa corpóreo (IMC) entre 32,0 e 46,5kg/m2 (mediana de 35,7) e 8 pacientes portadoras da síndrome dos ovários policísticos (grupo SOP) com idades entre 19 e 28 anos (mediana de 26) e IMC entre 30,1 e 40,lkg/m2 (mediana de 35,8), submetidas a estímulo agudo com acetato de leuprolide, l ONg/kg SC e a teste de tolerância oral à glicose (TTOG). Observou-se aumento significativo da concentração de 170HP, tanto no grupo N (1,5 vs. 2,9ng/mL; p= 0,023) quanto no grupo SOP (0,8 vs. 3,lng/mL; p= 0,007), não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos. A SI foi avaliada através da área sob a curva de insulina (ASCI) no TTOG. O grupo N apresentou ASCI significativamente menor que o grupo SOP (14.384 vs. 22.800uU1/mL/min, p= 0,04). Não houve correlação entre a concentração de 170HP após estímulo e a ASCI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone , Gonadotropins , Hyperandrogenism , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/diagnosis , Steroids , Body Mass Index , Diagnosis, Differential
11.
In. Luz, Protásio Lemos da; Laurindo, Francisco Rafael Martins; Chagas, Antônio Carlos Palandri. Endotélio e doenças cardiovasculares. São Paulo, Atheneu, 2003. p.269-279, ilus.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-504070
12.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 46(5): 514-519, out. 2002. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-324531

ABSTRACT

A principal etiologia para a mortalidade e grande morbidade dos diabéticos é a ateroesclerose. A hipótese para a lesão inicial da ateroesclerose é a disfunção endotelial, pelo reconhecimento de que o endotélio tem um papel fundamental na manutenção das características de fluidez do sangue, tônus vascular e sua permeabilidade, sendo o óxido nítrico derivado do endotélio (e-NO) o principal protetor contra a moléstia ateroesclerótica por inibir as diversas vias envolvidas na aterogênese. A disfunção endotelial identificada como um marcador precoce de moléstia cardiovascular poderá prever coronariopatia no futuro, mesmo antes que alterações ateroescleróticas evidentes apareçam nas artérias. Assim, medidas da função endotelial poderiam identificar indivíduos com risco para moléstia cardiovascular, como determinar a vasodilatação endotélio-dependente pelo fluxo após isquemia induzida, que requer a produção de e-NO. Além disso, pode-se também avaliar a reatividade vascular da microcirculação bem como dosar os marcadores bioquímicos da função endotelial. Finalmente, pode-se fazer a mensuração da espessura da camada médio-intimal de grandes artérias, como as carótidas, um marcador indireto da função do endotélio. A disfunção endotelial tem sido documentada no diabetes (DM), em indivíduos com resistência à insulina ou com alto risco para desenvolver DM do tipo 2, nos quais a hiperglicemia está associada a um aumento do estresse oxidativo, levando a um incremento na formação de radicais oxigênio tais como o superóxido, que reage com o e-NO, levando à sua degradação. No DM do tipo 1 o estado diabético predispõe para a alteração endotelial mas não é suficiente para causá-lo, outros agentes tendo provavelmente um papel. No tipo 2 estão presentes os efeitos do envelhecimento, hipertensão arterial e outros fatores e, em contraste à disfunção no tipo 1, esta pode ser observada anos antes da manifestação da vasculopatia, associada com a resistência à insulina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Endothelium/abnormalities , Arteriosclerosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Insulin Resistance , Nitric Oxide , Oxidative Stress , Vasodilator Agents
13.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 44(1): 13-20, fev. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-259824

ABSTRACT

O conceito de que os adipócitos são células secretórias surgiu nos últimos anos. Os adipócitos sintetizam e liberam uma variedade de peptídeos e não-peptídeos, bem com expressam outros fatores além de sua capacidade de depositar e mobilizar triglicerídios, retinóides e colesterol. Estas propriedades permitem uma interação do tecido adiposo como outros órgãos, bem como outras células adiposas. A observação importante de que adipócitos secretam leptina como o produto do gene ob estabeleceu o tecido adiposo como um órgão endócrino que se comunica com o sistema nervoso central.


Subject(s)
Adipocytes/metabolism , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Endocrine Glands/metabolism , Leptin/metabolism , Adipocytes/metabolism , Cholesterol/metabolism , Proteins , Triglycerides/metabolism , Vitamin A/metabolism
14.
Rev. ginecol. obstet ; 7(3): 131-8, jul.-set. 1996. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-186853

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estabelecer os valores basais e a resposta dos esteroides a injecao de ACTH sintetico e a incidencia de hiperandrogenismo supra-renal funcional em pacientes hirsutas. Casuistica e metodo: foram avaliadas 37 pacientes hirsutas com idades variando de 17 a 44 anos (media 27,7). O padrao menstrual prevalente foi a espaniomenorreia em 54,0 por cento dos casos, seguido de amenorreia, eumenorreia e excesso menstrual em 18,9 por cento, 18,9 por cento e 8,1 por cento, respectivamente...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/epidemiology , Hirsutism/epidemiology , Hyperandrogenism , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/administration & dosage , Ovary
15.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 40(1): 28-34, mar. 1996. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-180156

ABSTRACT

Five non-diabetic subjects, 5 gestational diabetics (GDM) treated with diet and 4 non-insulin dependent pregestational diabetics (NIDDM) treated with beef-pork insulin during their pregnancy, undergoing elective cesarean section (C-s), were given dextrose infusions without insulin for 7 hours (h) starting lh before the operation. Multiple blood samples were drawn up to 72 h after the C-s. The lowest glucose levels were observed at 3 3 or 6 h after surgery in all but two subjects. Plasma glucose below 2.75 mmol/l (49.5 mg/dl) were observed in 2 NIDDM patients. While in the non-diabetics and GDM the free (total) insulin and C-peptide values fell to very low levels, coinciding with the fall in plasma glucose, in the NIDDM there was a negative correlation between nadir glucose and free insulin levels with the progressive fall of antibody-bound insulin. In 3 out of NIDDM patients the antibodybound insulin fell to 57 to 73 per cent of the preoperative values. IGF-I/SmC, lower in the NIDDM, hGH immunoreactivity and hPL fell after C-s. The results suggest increased glucose utilization insulin-independent in the immediate postpartum in the non-diabetic pregnancy and GDM. However, in the NIDMM, in the presence of significant levels of free insulin, they tend to develop lower plasma glucose levels, sometimes hypoglycemia. Furthermore, lower IGF-I/Smc levels in the NIDDM in comparison to the non-diabetics and GDM would discard their role in the induction of hypoglycemia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diabetes, Gestational , Hypoglycemia , Postpartum Period , Pregnancy in Diabetics , Antibodies/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , C-Peptide/blood , Cesarean Section , Glucose/administration & dosage , Growth Hormone/blood , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis , Insulin/blood , Placental Lactogen/blood
16.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 50(4): 182-4, jul.-ago. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-159123

ABSTRACT

Foram analisadas as imagens obtidas em aparelho de 1,5 Tesla, 193 pacientes portadores de insuficiencia pituitaria congenita. Cento e trinta e nove pacientes eram portadores de deficit isolado de hormonio de crescimento e os outros 54 pacientes apresentavam multiplas deficiencias de hormonios pituitarios. Os lobos anterior e posterior da glandula pituitaria normal podem ser perfeitamente diferenciados a RM devido ao hipersinal caracteristico do lobo posterior em sequencias pesadas em T1...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Pituitary Diseases , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Pituitary Gland, Posterior/abnormalities , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
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